Gerunds and Infinitives

Listen up and fill the songs with the correct verb form.
GERUNDS

1. As subject of sentences:

            Ex:       Living in London is expensive.

                        Seeing is believing.

2. After phrasal verbs:

            Ex:       I look forward to hearing from you.

3. After prepositions:

            Ex:       She had only one job since leaving school.

                       I’m tired of waiting for him.

4. After certain verbs:

            ADMIT              AVOID              CONTINUE       CONSIDER                   DELAY                         DENY               ENJOY             FANCY             FINISH                          FORGIVE                     HATE               INVOLVE          LOVE               MISS                            SUGGEST

5. With possessive:

            Ex:       Mary insisted on Arthur’s helping.

                       Will you excuse my leaving?

6. After some expressions:

            – IT’S NO USE / IT’S NO GOOD

                       Ex:       It’s no use worrying about it.

                                   It’s no good trying to persuade me.

·        IT’S (NOT) WORTH

                       Ex:       Do you think this book is worth reading?

·        HAVE DIFFICULTY (IN)

                       Ex:       Some people have great difficulty in reading and writing.

·        A WASTE OF TIME / MONEY

                       Ex:       It’s a waste of time reading that book

                                   It’s a waste of money buying things you don’t need.

·        SPEND / WASTE (TIME)

                       Ex:       I spent hours trying to repair the clock.

                                   He wastes a lot of time day-dreaming.

·        GO + Activities and sports

                       Ex:       We always go cycling at the weekend.

·        CAN’T STAND

                       Ex:       I can’t stand getting up early on Sundays.

·        CAN’T HELP

                       Ex:       It was so funny that I couldn’t help laughing.

·        FEEL LIKE

                       Ex:       I don’t feel like staying at home. Let’s go for a walk.

            – BE / GET USED TO

                       Ex:       We are used to having a shower before breakfast.

                                   I couldn’t get used to driving on the left, so I always used public transport.

INFINITIVES

A – BARE INFINITIVE OR INFINITVE WITHOUT TO

1. After modals and auxiliaries:           CAN                 COULD             DO                   MAY                                        MIGHT              MUST              SHALL              SHOULD           WILL     WOULD

2. After            MAKE   Ex:       My parents make me tidy my bedroom before I leave for school.                            LET      Ex:       They won’t let you use your mobile.

                                              

3. After            HAD BETTER                Ex:       You’d better phone him.

                       WOULD RATHER          Ex:       I’d rather not see him.

B – TO  INFINITIVE

1. After some verbs:

AFFORD           AGREE             APPEAR / SEEM                       ARRANGE        ASK      CHOOSE          DECIDE            EXPECT           FAIL                 HELP                HOPE               LEARN             MANAGE          PLAN               PRETEND         PROMISE         REFUSE           TEND               THREATEN       WANT  

Ex:       Arthur managed to find a seat.

            We hope to start tomorrow.

            They expect to have the tickets tomorrow.

            He promised to obey.

2. Verbs followed by OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE

            ADVISE             ALLOW             ASK                 ENCOURAGE               EXPECT                       HELP                INVITE              ORDER            REMIND                       TEACH

            TELL                WARN              WANT

            Ex:       Do you want me to help you?

                       He asked me to turn up the radio.

3. After adjectives and some adverbs.

            Ex:       I’m sorry to say I’ve lost the ticket.

                       The singer was delighted to see so many people.

                       Cans are easy to open.

4. After TOO and ENOUGH.

            Ex:       He’s too young to drive.   /   He’s not old enough to drive.

                                  

INFINITIVE OR  -ING FORM

A – With no change of meaning

            BEGIN              BOTHER           CONTINUE       DISLIKE            ENJOY             HATE               LIKE                 LOVE               MIND                PREFER            START

• NOTE: The verbs LOVE, LIKE, HATE, PREFER when used in the conditional are followed by TO  INFINITIVE.

            EX:       Would you like to come with me?

                       I’d love to come with you.

B – With change of meaning

            * TO INFINITIVE usually refers to an action in the present or future.

            * - ING FORM usually refers to an action in the past.

            FORGET / REMEMBER + TO INFINITIVE: (for necessary actions. The remembering is before the action.)

                                   I must remember to post the letters. It’s important.

                                   The clothes are still dirty because I forgot to switch on the machine.

            FORGET / REMEMBER +  -ING FORM: (For memories of the past. The action is before the remembering.)

                                   I remember posting the letter. I posted it on Friday morning.

                                   I’ll never forget flying on the Grand Canyon. It was wonderful.                               

            REGRET:         I regret to say that your advice was wrong. (To be sorry for something you are doing)

He regrets having made fun of her in front of the children. (To be sorry for something that

happened in the past.)

            STOP:              I’ve stopped smoking. (The activity stops.)

                                   I stopped for a few minutes to rest. (Gives the reason for stopping)

            TRY:                I’m trying to run this computer program. (To attempt something, to do your best.)

I tried clicking on the box, but it didn’t work. (To do something that might solve a problem, an

experiment, to see if it works.)

C – the verbs of sensation:      SEE      FEEL    HEAR   and       WATCH  take the infinitive without TO or the ING form. The infinitive implies that the action is complete. SMELL is always followed by the ING form.

                                            He saw her drive down the road.

                                            She saw him shouting as she was driving away.

                                            Can you smell something burning?

Enlace a exámenes de selectividad

En el enlace encontraréis en .zip todos los exámenes de años anteriores y las orientaciones de inglés:

Orientaciones inglés

Selectividad. Todas las pruebas.
Y una página con los últimos exámenes:
Lallena's page

Os dejo aquí también el enlace a la web del Departamento de Orientación, donde encontraréis información sobre grados y demás temas de interés:

Web orientación

Os dejo aquí también el enlace a la web del Departamento de Orientación, donde encontraréis información sobre grados y demás temas de interés:

Web orientación

Deliveroo.

Deliveroo? A new way of business has gone too far?

Read and answer: What is Deliveroo?
                               Why is it causing trouble?
                               Do you think the food is the same no matter where cooked? Why?

                                                                   ENGLISH VERB TENSES

Tense	Signal words	Use	Form	Examples affirmative	Examples negative	Examples interrogative
	every day	·     something happens repeatedly ·     how often something happens ·     one action follows another ·     things in general ·     with verbs like (to love, to hate, to think, etc.) ·     future meaning: timetables, programmes
	sometimes
	always			I work.	I don't work.	Do I work?
Simple Present	often usually		infinitive he/she/it: infinitive + s	He works. I go.	He doesn't work. I don't go.	Does he work? Do I go?
	seldom			He goes.	He doesn't go.	Does he go?
	never
	first ... then
	now	·     something is happening at the same time of speaking or around it ·     future meaning: when you have already decided and arranged to do it (a fixed plan, date)		I'm working.	I'm not working.	Am I working?
Present Progressive	at the moment Look!		be (am/are/is) + infinitive + ing	He's working. I'm going.	He isn't working. I'm not going.	Is he working? Am I going?
	Listen!			He's going.	He isn't going.	Is he going?
Simple Past	last ... ... ago in 1990 yesterday	action took place in the past, mostly connected with an expression of time (no connection to the present)	regular: infinitive + ed irregular: (2nd column of table of irregular verbs)	I worked. He worked. I went. He went.	I didn't work. He didn't work. I didn't go. He didn't go.	Did I work? Did he work? Did I go? Did he go?

		·     an action happened in the middle of another action ·     someone was doing sth. at a certain time (in the past) - you don't know whether it was finished or not		I was working.	I wasn't working.	Was I working?
Past Progressive	while		was/were + infinitive + ing	He was working. I was going.	He wasn't working. I wasn't going.	Was he working? Was I going?
				He was going.	He wasn't going.	Was he going?
	just	·     you say that sth. has happened or is finished in the past and it has a connection to the present ·     action started in the past and continues up to the present	have/has + past participle* *(infinitive + ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)
	yet
	never
	ever			I have worked.	I haven't worked.	Have I worked?
Simple Present Perfect	already so far,			He has worked. I have gone.	He hasn’t worked. I haven't gone.	Has he worked? Have I gone?
	up to now,			He has gone.	He hasn’t gone.	Has he gone?
	since
	for
	recently
	all day	·     action began in the past and has just stopped ·     how long the action has been happening emphasis: length of time of an action		I have been working. He has been working. I have been going. He has been going.	I haven't been working. He hasn't been working. I haven't been going. He hasn't been going.	Have I been working? Has he been working? Have I been going? Has he been going?
	the whole day
Present Perfect Progressive	how long		have/has + been + infinitive + ing
	since
	for

Simple Past Perfect	already just never	·     mostly when two actions in a story are related to each other: the action which had already happened is put into Past Perfect, the other action into Simple Past ·     the past of the Present Perfect	had + past participle* *(infinitive + ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)	I had worked. He had worked. I had gone. He had gone.	I hadn't worked. He hadn't worked. I hadn't gone. He hadn't gone.	Had I worked? Had he worked? Had I gone? Had he gone?
				I had been working.	I hadn't been working.	Had I been working?
Past Perfect Progressive	how long since for	how long something had been happening before something else happened	had + been + infinitive + ing	He had been working. I had been going.	He hadn't been working. I hadn't been going.	Had he been working? Had I been going?
				He had been going.	He hadn't been going.	Had he been going?
		·     predictions about the future (you think that sth will happen) ·     you decide to do sth. spontaneously at the time of speaking ·     main clause in type I of the Conditional sentences		I'll work.	I won't work.	Will I work?
				He'll work.	He won't work.	Will he work?
will - future			will + infinitive
				I'll go.	I won't go.	Will I go?
				He'll go.	He won't go.	Will he go?
		·     when you have already decided to do sth. in the future ·     what you think what will happen		I'm going to work.	I'm not going to work.	Am I going to work?
going to - future			be (am/are/is) + going to + infinitive	He's going to work.	He's not going to work.	Is he going to work?
				I'm going to go.	I'm not going to go.	Am I going to go?
				He's going to go.	He's not going to go.	Is he going to go?

		·     An action will be in progress at a certain time in the future. This action has begun before the certain time. ·     Something happens because it normally happens.		I'll be working.	I won't be working.	Will I be working?
Future Progressive			will + be + infinitive + ing	He'll be working. I'll be going.	He won't be working. I won't be going.	Will he be working? Will I be going?
				He'll be going.	He won't be going.	Will he be going?
				I'll have worked.	I won't have worked.	Will I have worked?
Future Perfect Simple		sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future	will + have + past participle* *(infinitive + ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)	He'll have worked. I'll have gone.	He won't have worked. I won't have gone.	Will he have worked? Will I have gone?
				He'll have gone.	He won't have gone.	Will he have gone?
				I'll have been working.	I won't have been working.	Will I have been working?
Future Perfect Progressive		sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future emphasis: length of time of an action	will + have + been + infinitive + ing	He'll have been working. I'll have been going.	He won't have been working. I won't have been going.	Will he have been working? Will I have been going?
				He'll have been going.	He won't have been going.	Will he have been going?
		·     sth. that might happen ·     main clause in type II of the Conditional sentences		I would work.	I wouldn't work.	Would I work?
Conditional Simple			would + infinitive	He would work. I would go.	He wouldn't work. I wouldn't go.	Would he work? Would I work?
				He would go.	He wouldn't go.	Would he work?

				I would be working.	I wouldn't be working.	Would I be working?
Conditional Progressive		sth. that might happen emphasis: length of time of an action	would + be + infinitive + ing	He would be working. I would be going.	He wouldn't be working. I wouldn't be going.	Would he be working? Would I be going?
				He would be going.	He wouldn't be going.	Would he be going?
		·     sth. that might have happened in the past ·     main clause in type III of the Conditional sentences		I would have worked.	I wouldn't have worked.	Would I have worked?
Conditional Perfect			would + have + past participle* *(infinitive + ed) or (3rd column of table of irregular verbs)	He would have worked. I would have gone.	He wouldn't have worked. I wouldn't have gone.	Would he have worked? Would I have gone?
				He would have gone.	He wouldn't have gone.	Would he have gone?
				I would have been working.	I wouldn't have been working.	Would I have been working?
Conditional Perfect Progressive		sth. that might have happened in the past emphasis: length of time of an action	would + have + been + infinitive + ing	He would have been working. I would have been going.	He wouldn't have been working. I wouldn't have been going.	Would he have been working? Would I have been going?
				He would have been going.	He wouldn't have been going.	Would he have been going?

We sometimes use Continuous instead of Progressive. Some signal words can be found in more tenses. We did not list signal words in the future. Always remember what action is described.

Used colours:

blue → infinitive                                           grey → irregular verbs in the Simple Past                                      red → negation

dark green → auxiliary                                 purple → past participle

orange → ending                                           light green → signal word